Electric switching device.



E. PHILIPPI.

uecrmc swncmm; DEVICE.

APPLICATION HLED FEB. 25. I914- Patented Oct. 15, 1918.

n u -w#- Q mi ziu a Low tens/'0)? f/{g/I tabs/0x7 Inventor:

Erich Phiiippi tag AfiT,6kZ4 w1 HIS fitter-neg.

m 2 m s m @m M b. 71:1. n m u Jlilll a n U f u, F v n n 6 2 8 D 1 8 2 1\zjsses h. PHILIPFT.

ELECTRIC SWITCHING osvlqg. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 26, I914.

1,281,826. I Patented 00a 15, 1918;.

"2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Fig. 2.

5a 5 5 INE LIMIT 25- JWFLA) Witnesses W Inventor:

Erich philippi I His lffttornes Graduated switches have been usecircuited as a whole or in steps.

switch steps,

UNITED STATES PATENT Enron PBILIPPI, 0E BERLIN, GERMANY, AssIeNoR-roGENERAL ELECTRIC com'm,

' a CORPORATION 0E NEW YORK. U

ELEc'mIc SWITCHING nEvIcE.

My invention relates toelectric switching 1 devices and moreparticularly to switching devices for a number of conductors,transformers or other-electrical apparatus, which are to be connected incircuit or disconnected from circuit through a protecting resistance.

In connecting and disconnecting circuit amounts of energy are, to behandled, to use inductionless or inductive protecting resistances inorder to prevent the occurrence of excessive voltages and also to avoidexcessive current which otherwise might occur.

in consequence of the switching 0 erations. in these cases to connectthe protecting resistance in circuit in one or more steps, when the lineis interrupted, and thus weaken'the current before it is entirelyinterrupted at the last switching step. To form the different a numberof individual switches or a single multi-ste switching apparatus may beemployed 11 making circuitconnection, the reverse of this'process isfollowed and the protecting resistance is first connected in'thecircuit'and then shortswitches. which interrupt short-circuits ofcentral stations with large capacity, the protectin resistances areextraordinarily costly and, urther, they re uire a great deal of spaceand make it di cult to satisfactorily place the switching apparatus.

The/object of my invention is to provide a switching device which is, indetails to be more fully described, an improvement in 7 devices of thisgeneral character. Acoordin to myf'invention, the switches for the inividual conductor or apparatus are op- .eratively connected together insuch 'a' manner that they must be actuated in the cor- Specification ofLetters Patent.

in Electric 1 For I Patented Oct. 15, 1918; Application filed February28, 1914. Serial 1i 0. 821,381. I

rect sequence not only in connecting the conduct or or apparatus intocircuit but also in cutting it but of circu t. By my invention,

therefore, not only anincorrectworking is prevented in cutting in andout,'-but also the further important advantage is secured that thecommon protecting I, resistance is;

made available also. for the automatic cutting out of the apparatus incase of excessive current or of short-circuit.

The novel features which I believe to be characteristic of myinventionwill be definitely indicated in'the claims appended hereto; thefeatures of construction andmode of operation will be understood byreference to the following description taken in connection with the acompanying drawings'in which Figure 1 s ows diagrammatr Y ca-lly thearrangement of the'switches and protecting resistances, for example, fora' transformer station with two parallel connected transformers, andFig. 2 shows diagrammatically one example of construction for theoperative connection of a main switch 'with its auxiliary switch forinsurthe correct switching sequence.

in %II Fig. 1 only the connections for one o pole or for one phase ofthe two parallel" connected transformers t are shown. At 3 is indicatedone conductor ofthe high voltage bus-bars, to which is connected the Yproper phase of the incoming high voltage lines It and also the highvoltage windings of the transformers t each through a switch a. At 8 isindicated one conductor of the low voltage bus-bars towhich isconnected,

through switches a, the low voltage windings of the transformers andalso the conductors n of the outgoing low voltage lines. I-provide acommon'protecting resistance w for the high voltage switches and anothercommon protective resisjance w for the low voltage switches, the reistance w being constructed in two steps, and the resistance w withasingle step. .The protecting resistances are'continuously connected atone end J to their corresponding bus bars. The other end of resistance wand the middle" tap thereof are connected to theauxiliary bus-bars, 8and s, on the high voltage side while the other end of resistance w isconnected to j .the auxiliary bus bar 8, on the low voltage positions.

side. Each high voltage switch a possesses, according to the two-steppedcharacter of the high voltage resistance "w, three switching steps andthree switching positionsv or three mutually connected switches 1, 2, 3,which, when the corresponding conductor or transformer winding is put incircuit, are closed in the se uence stated, and in cutting out, areopene in the reverse sequence.

- For each main switch a, there is also provided anaux-iliaryb, by-meansof which, the auxiliarybus-bars s, and s and therefore the protectinresistancew is connected with the main switch, and in articular with thepoints lying between t eswitch Ina corresponding manner, for each mainswitch a of the low voltage side, an auxiliary switch b" is provided, Ac

cording to the single stepped character" of .the protective resistance won the low volt-- a e side the main and the auxiliary switch 0 the iowvoltage side are more simply built. I

According to my invention each main switch is operatively connectedmechanically or electrically with its auxiliary switch in such a mannerthat each main switch can. be closed or opened only if previously thecorresponding auxiliary .switch has been closed, while, after theclosure or opening of the main switch, the corresponding auxiliaryswitch is opened again. The individual switching processes duringclosing or opening are efiected automatically in the.

correct sequence, as soon as the cutting in or out of the conductor,machine, or other apparatus in question has been undertaken. The correctsequence of operation is also provided for, upon an automatic interrup-'tion, due either to the occurrence of over- 1oad,or short circuits. Forthis automatic interruption only the ordinary devices are used. In myarrangement, the auxiliary switches 12 and I) respectively are alwaysout in or out without current, and they carry the current that is to beinterrupted only during the very short period of circuit closure orinterruption; they can therefore be constructed quite simply andcheaply. The same is true as regards the auxiliary busbars 8,, s 8 whichmay also be inexpensively built, with a very small. out-lay formaterial. The reduction of the cost of installation for the protectingresistances by the utilization of a single resistance for all theconductors, machines, and other electrical apparatus, which are to beconnected to.

total short-circuiting of the central station.

With a view to this measurementof the pro-, 'tecting resistance, it, ispermissible that a number of main switches be simultaneouslycut in orsimultaneously cut out, or partly cut in, or partly cut out. It istherefore not necessary to lock the main switches'to- 'gether but eachconductor, with its main and auxiliary switch, remains perfectlyindependent. According to the showing in Fig. 1, I rovide'one protectingresistance for all sw tching on the high tension side and one protectingresistance for all switchm on the low :tensionside. Each main switc a.or a may be independently actuated but is operated always in a definitesequence and'interlocked with its correspondin auxiliary I switch I) andb respectively. T e auxiliary switches serve to connect the rotectingresistance in series with whichever main switch that 1s to be operated.Assume one of the main switches a, below the bus bar a, for instance, isto be closed, to. connect an main switch can" be closed, its auxiliaryswitch I) has tobe closed ina manner to be described, to connectthe'common protecting h, through the portion 1 of the main switch,

through auxiliary switch b, auxiliary bus bar 3,, all of-the resistancew, to bus bar .9. Then portion 2 of the main switch closes and thecircuit is from conductor h, through portions 1 and 2 of the mainswitch, auxiliary switch I), to auxiliary bus bar 8,, to the middle tapof resistance 10, thence to bus bar .9. Finally the portion 3 is closedand the circuit is now directly from the conductor h to bus bar a. Itis, therefore, apparent that closing the main switch in steps orportions, first cuts in "resistance then short circuits half theresistance. and finally short circuits all the resistance. When the mainswitch is closed its auxiliary switch b automatically opens. It is alsoapparent from Fig. 1 that this same resistance w can be connected witheither of the main switches a when they are connected in circuit. Thereverse order takes place when any switch is disconnected from circuit.The auxiliary switch 6 is first closed and then the main switch 0.opened in sequence 3, 2, 1 including half of the resistance then all theresistance in series and finally the main switch completely 0 ens andthen its auxiliary switch opens. he same method occurs in connecting anddisconnecting any main switch a. with the exception that the resistance10' is all cut in or cut out.

- incoming feederto the bus bar. Before the the switch shaft 4, withthecooperation of tion. Mounted also upon the switch shaft 1 a toothedsegment6, into the indicated position, in which the switch a is put incir;

cuit. 'In this position, the. switch and switch shaft are locked by alocking bolt 7, against which rests the tooth of a locking wheel mountedupon the switch shaft. If the bolt is drawn' by an unlocking. magnet 8,then the switch a is released and cut out of circuit by spring power,the switch shaft 4'rotatin about 180, similar to puttingythe switc incircuit, but in the opposite direcare three contact wheels which-bridgethe contacts 9, 10, 11, the contacts? and 11, be,- ing bridged asindicated, when the switch shaft is in circuit closing position, and thecontacts 10 being bridged when theswitch.

' shaft is in circuit interrupting position.

In like manner the switch shaft 12 0f the auxiliary switch 12 is movedfrom circuit opening position into circuit closing position by means ofan electromagnet .13 through the cooperation of the toothed segment 14.

The switch shaft 12 is locked in circuit-closing position by means of abolt 15, butswhen the bolt is released by the releasing magnet 16,the'shaft 12 returns to the indicated cir- 19 is employed, the coil ofwhich is connectcuit interruptingposition. 1 In circuit-010s ingposition, a contact wheel mounted on shaft 12 bridges the auxiliarycontacts 17. The indicated position of the switches a and b .is thatwhich they have under normal conditions, when the correspondin conductoror machine is connected to the. us bars.

To start the switching operations, a hand or operating switch 18' isemployed, which for this purpose is moved to the leftinto the positlonIn or to theright into the position Out, and after being released re- 1turns again into the indicated zero position. F or the automaticinterruption in case of overload or short circuit, the overload relay edtothe two right-hand terminals, and is fed from a current transformer 20situated in series with the main switch a. When an overload occurs, therelay contacts, which 1 are connected with the two left-hand terminals,are bridged. Furthermore, two intermediate relays 21'and 22 are providedfor theelectromagnets 13 and 5 respectively of the auxiliary and mainswitches respec-.

. tively, and an intermediate relay 23for the Fig. 2 shows in detail myarrangement for multaneously,

releasing magnet 8 of the main switch which is so arranged that afterits excitation, it

first closes its contacts only after one to two seconds. Time limitrelays 2 4 and 25 are also provided, the relay 24 bein so constructedthat it opens its contacts a ut half a second after its energizatioliand closes them again 3 to 4' seconds after its dee'nerg'ization. Theelectromagnets and. relays receive current from two c.ontrol-lines,indicated by plus and minussigns, which are fed, for examnlefrom abattery.

right into the position marked f-Out, the intermediate relay 21 isexcited, in that a circuit from the plus wire is formed'through theright-hand contacts of the hand switch 18 and the coil of the relay 21,tothe minus In the description of the methodof oper-' ationof thisdevice, we will start from the position of the different parts asrepresented in Fig. 2, corresponding to normalworking condition. If theswitch 18 is moved to the.

.wire. The intermediate relay operates and thereby closesthe circuit forthe electromagnet 13' of the auxiliary switch b. The

operation of the magnet 13factuates the toothed segm b isclosed and islocked in circuit closing position by the bolt 15. By putting theauxiliary switch b. in circuit, the common protecting resistance isconnected .with the main switch a, in series therewith as the switch.opens.

and 'therenow flows a current from the lus wire through the contacts 17the coil 0 .the intermediate relay 23, the auxiliary contacts 9 of themain switch and the contacts of the time limit relay 24,,to the minuswire. I The intermediate relay 23 operates and thereby connects thereleasing magnet 8 in parallelto its own coil. The magnet 8attracts theent 14 so that auxiliary switch The closing of auxiliar switch 6 causescontacts 17 to be bridge locking bolt 7 thereby releasing the mainswitch a which is then brought into circuit interrupting position byspring power, the

interruption of the main current taking place in the sequence 3, 2, 1.The mainswltch in opening first includes one-half of the resistancethrough the auxiliary switch 6 and auxiliary bus bar 8 and then all theresistance through auxiliary switch 5 and auxiliary bus bar s in themanner'hereinbefore described.

By the rotation of the main switch shaft 4, the contacts 9 and 11 areinterrupted sidiate relay 23 and the releasing magnet 8 and thereforethe 1nterme-.

are deenergized, while the auxiliary contacts 10 are bridged. Throughthe contacts 10, a circuit is closed from the plus conductor through thestill bridged auxiliary contacts 17 of the auxiliary switch 6, the-releasi'ng magnet 16 of'this switch, the auxiliary contacts 10 and therelay contacts 24 to the negative conductor.

- 18 is moved to the left, to

by means ofthe ,19 closes its contacts,

ill

The releasing magnet 16 being energized, attracts the locking bolt 15and the auxiliary switch is thus released and is brought again by springpower into the indicated circuit interrupting position. Theelectromagnet 13 of the auxiliary switch b has already been denergized,since the hand switch, upon being released, returned automatically intothe zero position. The intermediate relay 21 has likewise opened itscircuit.

If an overload occurs when the main switch is in circuit, then theoverload relay whereby the coil otthe intermediate relay 21 is connectedbetween the plus and minus lines as by the hand switch 18, and connectsin circuit theelectromagnet 13 of the auxiliary switch. Now the sameswitching operations take place as in the case formerly described, wherethe interrupting'movement was inaugurated by the hand switch, and ittherefore results that when an overload occurs an automatic interruptionof the line, machine, or other apparatus, in question occurs; theauxiliary switch 6 being first cut'in, thenthe main switch a beingopened, and then the auxiliary switch beingcut out'again. In order toput in circuit the line, machine, or other desired apparatus, the handswitchthe in position whereupon the coils of the time limit relays 24and 25, as wellas the intermediate relay 21, are energized. By theoperation of the intermediate relay 21, the xelectromagnet 13 is excitedand the auxiliar switch b is closed and locked in circuit 0 osin'gposition bolt, 15, as has been previously describ d and the auxiliarycontacts 17 are thereby closed. At the same time that the auxiliaryswitch closes, a circuit is completed from the plusconductor through theextra contact on the hand operated switch in the in position, throughthe time limit relay 25, and contacts of circuit opening relay 24V tothe negative conductor. At the same time a parallel circuit is completedthrough the time limit relay 24, and its contacts, to the negativeconductor. Relay 25 closes its contacts and then relay 24 opens itscontacts and disconnects its own circuit as well as the circuit of relay25. Relay 25 thereupon opens its contacts after a predetermined' timeand relay 24 closes its contacts after a predetermined time; Beforerelay 25 opens its contacts, however, a circuit is completed from theplus line through the auxiliary contacts 17, the relay coil 22 and thecontacts of the time limit relay 25 to the minus line. The: intermediaterelay 22 is thereby energized and closes a circuit through its contactsincluding the electromagnet 5 of the main switch a. This magnet 5, inbeing energized, acts through its left, it returns,

prisin toothed segment '6 to close the main in the sequence 1, 2, 3.When the auxiliary switchb is closed, first with all the resistance 10in series, and then'one-half of the resistance is short circuited .andfinall the whole resistance is short-circuited. by the closing of themain switch the auxiliar contacts 10 are again interrupted, and t eauxiliary contacts 9 and 11 closed. About 310 4 seconds, after the handswitch 18 has been moved to the after being released, into the zeroposition. The time limit relay 24, which, in the meantime had opened itscontacts and thereby cut out its own coil, as well as that of the timelimit relay 25, closes its contacts again. A circuit is thereby closedfrom the plus conductor through the auxiliary contacts 17 the releasingmagnet 16 of the auxiliary switch b, the auxiliary contacts 10 of themain switch a, and the relay contacts 24, to

the minus conductor.

The bolt 15 is thus operated by the magnet 16 and auxiliary switchreleased and cut out of circuit, and the condition represented in thedrawing again exi My invention may I therefore do not wish to berestricted to the precise construction shown, but intend to cover b theappended claims all changes and modi cations which are within the scopeof my invention and are apparent to those ance between either conductorand said busbar when the conductor is being-electrically t I be embodiedin other 1 forms than that shown and described, and

the main switch closes connected to or disconnected from said busbar.

' 2. In a system of distribution, the combination with a bus-bar of anincoming conductor and an outgoing conductor, a switch for connectingsaid incoming conductor to said bus-bar, a second switch for connectingsaid outgoing conductor to said bus-bar, a resistance, and means forconnectin said resistance in circuit with either 0 said switches duringtheir opening or closing movement.

3. In a system of distribution, the combination with a plurality ofconductors, abus bar, and an electric switching device commain switchesfor connecting each of sai conductors to said bus-bar, a resistance,auxiliary switches operatively related to said main switches, and meansincluding said auxiliary switches for electrically connectin ordlsconnecting said conductors to said us-bar first through one of saidswitches, its operatively related auxiliary switch and said resistanceand then directly through said switch. 7 I

4. In a system of distribution, the combination with a plurality ofconductors, a

bus-bar, and an electric switching device comprising main'switches forconnecting eachof said'conductors to said; bus-bar, a resistance,auxiliary switches operatively re- '7 lated to said main switchesandarranged to connectsai'dresistance in series with any of said mainswitches upon the actuation of said main switch, and means for actuatingsaid auxiliary and cooperating main switches, in a definite sequencewhereby said auxiliary switches close before their cooperating mainswitches are actuated and return to normal open position after said mainswitch is operated.

5. In a. system of distribution, the combination with a plurality .ofconductors, a bus-bar, and an electric switch ng device comprising mainswitches forconnecting each of said conductors to, said bus-bar, a

resistance, auxiliary switches operatively related to said main switchesand arranged to connect said resistance in series with any of said mainswitches upon the actuation of said main switch, means for actuatingsaid auxiliary andimain switches in a definitesequence, andelectro-responsive means v for actuating said switches in sald definltesequence in response to abnormal conditions upon the conductor. I

6. In a s stem of distribution, an electric switching evice comprisin amain switch having a plurality of switc ing contacts ar- .ranged to beoperated in a definite sequence,

a common resistanceoperatively related tosaid contacts and adaptedtobecut in and out of'series with said switch in steps, an auxiliary switchoperatively related to said main switch, and means including saidauxiliary switchwhereby said common resistance is automaticallyconnected inseries with said main switch beforesuch switch is opened andcut out of series with said main switch afterthe switch is closed.

7, In a system of distribution, the combination with a plurality ofconductors, .a

.busba r, and an electric switching device comprising main switches forconnecting each of said conductors to said bus-bar, said switches havinga plurality of switching co'ntacts arranged to be operated in a definitesequence, a common resistance, auxilia switches operatively related tosaid mam switches, and means including said auxiliary switches forautomatically connecting said common resistance in series with any ofsaid main switches?" as said.

switch is actuated, said resistance .being short-circuited by saidswitching contacts as sald main switch opens or closes.

8. In a system of distribution, the tom bination with a bus-bar, and aplurality of conductors adapted to, be connected to said bus-bar, of anelectric switching device com prising a main switch for each" of saidconductors having a plurality of switching contacts arranged to beoperated in a definite sequence, a resistance electrically connected.-to said bus-bar, means for connecting one switching contact of eachswitch to sa d resistance, and means electrically connecting 9. In asystem ofdistribution, thecom-x a second switching.,contact to saidbus-bar.

bination with a-bus-bar, and ahplurality of conductors adapted to beconnected to said i I -bus-bar,,, gf an electric switching I devicecomprising a main switch for each of. said conductors having a pluralityofswitching contacts, a resistance, an auxiliary switch-operativelyrelated to each of said main switches,- means for electrically con-.necting one of said switchingcontacts' to one of said conductorsthrough said resistance and said auxiliary switch, and means forelectrically connecting in a definite sequence another of said switchingcontacts directly to said last mentioned conductor.

' 10. In asystem of distribution, the combination withtwo conductors, ofan electric switching device for electrically connecting said conductorscomprising a main switch having a plurality of contacts arranged to beclosed or opened in adefinite sequence, a resistance,- an auxillaryswltch operatively related to said mainswitch and arranged to connectsaid resistance in series with said 7 main switch upon its opening orclosing movement, and means for operatin the auxiliary I mon resistancefor saidhigh tension conductors, a common-resistance for such lowtension conductors, and means-whereby said common resistances areconnected in series with any of said low and high tension switchesrespectively before said switches are :opened.

12.- In a system ofdistribution, the com bination with a plurality ofhigh tension conductors and a. plurality of low tension conductors,switches comprising a. plurality of contacts controlling the circuits ofeach.

of said conductors, a. common resistance for v 5 said high tensionconductors operatively related to said switching contacts adapted to beout into and out of circuit in steps, a common resistance for said lowtension condoctors operatively related to said switch 10 contacts, andmeans whereby said oommon

